Short answer
What should you know first?
Derivative mechanics are one of the highest-return GRE Mathematics Subject Test calculus skills because they connect local rate of change, slope, and rule-based differentiation. The big win is seeing the chain rule, product rule, and implicit differentiation as structured reasoning instead of disconnected formulas.
Why it matters
Why this topic changes the rest of your prep.
Calculus is the biggest GRE bucket, and derivative mechanics are one of its highest-return subskills.
Core notation
$$\frac{d}{dx}(f(g(x))) = f'(g(x))g'(x)$$
Must know
Facts and heuristics that should start feeling automatic.
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Nested functions require the chain rule.
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Implicit differentiation creates $$dy/dx$$ because $$y$$ depends on $$x$$.
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A derivative is about meaning, not only a formula game.
Useful cue
Name the outer function before using the chain rule.
Worked example
One representative example.
Differentiate $$f(x)=(3x^2-1)^5$$.
Long route
Treat $$u=3x^2-1$$ as the inner function. Differentiate the outer power to get $$5(3x^2-1)^4$$ and multiply by the inner derivative $$6x$$. The result is $$30x(3x^2-1)^4$$.
Fast route
Outer power, inner quadratic, then multiply by the inside derivative.